What Is Blockchain? | IBM
Blockchain is a shared, immutable digital ledger, enabling the recording of transactions and the tracking of assets within a business network and providing a single source of truth.
En bref
Ajouté le
17 mars 2026
Matière et domaine
computer-science-advanced · blockchain-cryptography
Niveaux scolaires
9e année (3e)–12e année (Terminale)
Type de page
Article
Mots-clés
Blockchain
Introduction
Understanding Blockchain Technology
- Core Definition: A shared, immutable, decentralized digital ledger that provides a single source of truth for transactions and asset tracking across a business network.
- Key Mechanisms:
- Decentralization: Data is stored across multiple computers (nodes), eliminating the need for central intermediaries like banks.
- Immutability: Once a transaction is recorded and validated via consensus, it cannot be deleted or altered. Errors require a new, visible reversal transaction.
- Consensus: Network members must agree on data accuracy; common algorithms include Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS).
- Cryptography: Uses public and private keys to secure transactions and verify ownership.
- Linking: Transactions are grouped into blocks, which are cryptographically hashed and chained together in chronological order.
- Smart Contracts: Self-executing digital contracts that automatically trigger actions when predefined conditions are met, reducing manual intervention and increasing efficiency.
- Historical Milestones:
- 2008: Bitcoin introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto as a peer-to-peer digital currency.
- 2015: Ethereum launched, introducing smart contracts and expanding use cases beyond simple currency.
- Business Benefits:
- Enhanced security, transparency, and trust.
- Improved traceability and auditability.
- Reduced costs and increased efficiency by eliminating record reconciliation.
- Market Growth: Forecasted to grow by nearly $1 trillion by 2032, with a CAGR of 56.1% since 2021.
- Major Platforms & Frameworks:
- Hyperledger Fabric: A modular, open-source framework (Linux Foundation) often used for enterprise solutions like the IBM Blockchain Platform.
- Ethereum: A platform for decentralized applications (dApps) and smart contracts.
- Corda: A distributed ledger platform focused on privacy and permissioned business transactions.
- Primary Industries: Finance, supply chain management, healthcare, real estate, and voting systems.
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