Operating System Tutorial - GeeksforGeeks

Operating System Fundamentals and Core Concepts

Definition: An Operating System (OS) is software that acts as an interface between users and hardware, managing system resources like CPU, memory, and files.
Examples: Linux, Unix, Windows 11, MS-DOS, Android, macOS, and iOS.
Process Management: Covers process states, control blocks, CPU scheduling algorithms (preemptive vs. non-preemptive), and the distinction between dispatchers and schedulers.
Process Synchronization: Explores Inter-Process Communication (IPC), race conditions, critical sections, and solutions including Semaphores, Mutex, Monitors, and algorithms like Peterson’s and Dekker’s.
Deadlock: Details deadlock handling, prevention, and avoidance (Banker’s Algorithm), as well as Resource Allocation Graphs (RAG) and recovery methods.
Multithreading: Discusses user-level vs. kernel-level threads, multitasking models, and the benefits of multithreading.
Memory Management:
- Allocation: Covers contiguous (fragmentation, Buddy System) and non-contiguous (paging, segmentation) allocation.
- Advanced Concepts: Includes page replacement algorithms (Belady’s Anomaly), thrashing, and working sets.
- Kernel Level: Details slab systems, memory interleaving, and virtualization.
Disk and File Management: Covers file systems, directory structures, file allocation/access methods, disk scheduling algorithms (e.g., SSTF), and the differences between spooling and buffering.