Equilibrium | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
The term equilibrium is used in most branches of physics. What does this actually mean? If you are active enough to go through a dictionary, you may find it means a state in which two opposing influences are balanced. But in terms of physics it turns out to be similar to the meaning but different in different branches of it. For example, if you disturb a particle from its state of rest, physics may …
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收录于
2026年3月17日
学科与领域
chemistry · chemical-equilibrium
年级范围
九年级（高一）–十二年级（高四）
页面类型
Article
简介
Understanding Equilibrium in Physics
- Definition: A state of physical balance where opposing influences are equalized, resulting in no net change in the system's state or internal energy.
- Core Principle: Based on the law of inertia, an object remains in its state of rest or motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
- Types of Equilibrium:
- Stable Equilibrium: A system returns to its original position after a disturbance (e.g., sound wave particles).
- Unstable Equilibrium: A system does not return to its original position after a disturbance.
- Branch-Specific Definitions:
- Mechanical: The sum of all forces and torques acting on a system is zero.
- Force: All external unbalanced forces balance each other, keeping the body at rest.
- Hydrostatic: The crushing force of gravity is balanced by an internal force.
- Radioactive: Energy liberated by an atom equals the energy absorbed.
- Secular: The rate of splitting equals the rate of decay in radioactive elements.
- Thermodynamics and Thermal Equilibrium:
- Involves variables such as temperature, pressure, and density.
- Thermal Equilibrium: Occurs when two bodies reach the same temperature, causing the transfer of heat between them to cease.
- This concept is a fundamental component of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
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