Question 1

I don't understand one thing, don't they say white is a mixture of all colors or rainbow, then how do we see rainbow sometimes instead of seeing white?
A paragraph works fine, and so does a brief explanation as long as it makes sense.
Thanks if you help.

Accepted Answer

The white light bends in the droplets of water. However, each colour bends a different amount, separating the colours. That is why we see rainbows.

Hope this helps :)
P.S. If this doesn't answer your question, then explain your it pls.

Question 2

how does a wave length explain the reality of color if people are color blind they can see different colors and animals that can see in the dark see other colors. if you can change the color of anything by just painting it than dosent it mean that the idea of a wavelength is kind of just saying things are different colors just because. and on top of this how does a mirror have a color that is indeed every color and not just the idea of every color like white light . and when light is being reflected from a water droplet isnt this not a true color but just the color of a water droplet being pressured into reflecting light . for example if I had a green flash light and I I went into a dark room and shined it on to everything than the hole room would just appear to be green and not the actual color of the objects in pure light...anyway what is color of air.

Accepted Answer

In human eyes there are two types of receptors.  One receptor called rod cells are sensitive to any visible light.

We perceive color because of the other type receptor called a cone cell, there are 3 different varieties of cone cells that are sensitive to light of different energy levels.  I say that they are sensitive to light energy levels instead of frequencies because it is the amount of energy that determines which of the light sensitive pigments in the cones get activated.  These cones will respond to a range of energies but they have peak sensitives at at different energy levels that allow them to cover the whole visible light range.  These 3 different types of cones in human eyes are basically detecting light of what we have labeled red, green, and blue.

We usually refer to the wavelength of light instead of the energy because it is a easier thing to understand and the frequency is directly related to the energy.

When light hits an object it interacts with the surface of that object and because of the properties of that surface it will reflect or absorb different frequencies.

We detect the reflected light frequencies and the various cone cells are stimulated different amounts depending the frequencies of the light.  So something we see as red is reflecting frequencies of light that stimulate mainly the red cone cells.

By painting a surface you are changing how light is interacting with that surface which can change the color.

For something like a mirror it reflects most if not all frequencies of light equally so you do not see the color of the mirror but the color of the light coming off the objects you see in the mirror.

For someone who is color blind it usually indicates that one or more varieties of the cone cells are not properly functioning.

Learn and try: Electromagnetic waves (article) | Khan Academy

Electromagnetic Waves and Light Behavior

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